Produzione e trasformazione di energia primaria 
Produzione e distribuzione di elettricità e calore 
Tecnologie per i trasporti 
Tecnologie per il residenziale e i servizi 
Tecnologie per l'industria e l'agricoltura Produzione e trasformazione di energia primaria
Oil and Gas Production from Conventional Reserves
Autors: Alessandro Giocoli
Production and Transformation of Primary Energy
Oil and natural gas still make a major contribution to meeting the global demand for primary energy. In 2020, oil contributed 31% and natural gas 25%. In Italy too, the two sources contributed 74% overall in 2020 to covering the national primary energy requirement (143.5 Mtoe). National production satisfied about 6% of the demand for natural gas (58.3 Mtoe) and 12% of the demand for oil (47.6 Mtoe). National oil reserves in 2020 ranked 4th in Europe (also considering the United Kingdom) and 46th in the world, while natural gas reserves occupied 8th place in Europe and 62nd in the world. The recovery factors (compared to the potential of the fields) are still relatively low (30-50% for oil, 70-80% for natural gas). The ratio between reserves and national production at 31 December 2020 was equal to 15 years for oil and 10 years for natural gas. In addition to the reserves, further identifiable-quantifiable hydrocarbon resources in the Italian subsoil are estimated only following new and specific exploration activities. The almost total absence of new hydrocarbon exploration-research activities in recent years, in addition to compromising the replacement of the progressively consumed reserves, does not allow for an improvement in knowledge of the Italian oil potential. Since the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has also strongly affected the price of oil and natural gas. In fact, at the beginning of the pandemic, prices rapidly plummeted to USD 20.4 per barrel of oil (West Texas Intermediate - WTI - barrel price in April 2020) and USD 2.03/MBTU of natural gas (lowest Henry Hub price of the last decades). Prices then rose rapidly to around USD 75.2 per barrel of WTI (December 2021) and USD 3.89/MBTU (average price of Henry Hub natural gas in 2021)
28-07-2022
- Riserve convenzionali di petrolio e gas naturale
- fabbisogno nazionale di energia primaria
- riserve nazionali di petrolio e gas naturale
- fattore di recupero
- emissioni dellâupstream petrolifero
- rapporto tra riserve e produzione
- risorse di idrocarburi
- attività di esplorazione
- potenziale petrolifero italiano
- upstream petrolifero
- estrazione di idrocarburi
- reiniezione di acque di strato
- sismicità indotta
- coltivazione di idrocarburi
- Val dâAgri
- ripristino ambientale
- barile di petrolio
- prospezione ed estrazione onshore e offshore
- concessione mineraria
- dismissione
- centro olio
- piattaforma
- condotte
- efficienza produttiva
- riduzione impatto ambientale
- time to market
- domestic primary energy demand
- idrocarburi non convenzionali
- oli ultra-pesanti
- sabbie bituminose
- scisti
- gas non convenzionale
- giacimenti in acque ultra profonde
- accettabilità sociale delle attività estrattive
- conventional reserves of oil and natural gas
- domestic oil and gas reserves
- recovery factor
- reserves to production ratio
- hydrocarbons
- oil and gas exploration
- oil upstream
- oil upstream emissions
- hydrocarbons production
- water re-injection
- induced seismicity
- oil field cultivation
- oil barrel
- onshore and offshore oil and gas upstream
- decommissioning
- offshore platform
- upstream environmental impact
- unconventional hydrocarbons reserves and resources
- ultra-heavy oil
- oil sands
- shale oil
- unconventional natural gas resources
- oil and gas field
- deep water oil field
- social acceptant of oil and gas production