Produzione e trasformazione di energia primaria 
Produzione e distribuzione di elettricità e calore 
Tecnologie per i trasporti 
Tecnologie per il residenziale e i servizi 
Tecnologie per l'industria e l'agricoltura Produzione e distribuzione di elettricità e calore
Onshore Wind Energy
Autors: Filippo Spertino, Gabriele Malgaroli, Angela Amato, Giambattista Guidi
Production and Distribution of Electricity and Heat
Wind turbines or wind electricity generators directly convert the wind energy into electricity. They can be installed on ground (on-shore wind turbines) or at sea (off-shore wind turbines) on low-depth coastal or on floating platforms. This publication deals with on-shore wind generators that currently are much more diffused than offshore generators. In the last twenty years, wind energy widely spread all over the world: at the end of 2020, the installed rated capacity of wind turbines was about 743 GW. In particular, the global onshore installed capacity reached 707 GW in 2020 and the countries with the highest onshore capacity were China (278 GW), USA (122 GW) and Germany (55 GW) [1]. In Italy, at the end of 2020, the installed wind capacity was about 10.9 GW [2]. In 2019, the electricity generated by wind farms supplied 6% of global electricity demand and about 15% of the European Union demand [3, 4]. In recent years, the Levelized Cost Of Electricity (LCOE) of wind power plants significantly reduced. In regions with good wind potential, the wind electricity reached competitive values with respect to electricity generation from fossil fuels. This reduction has been achieved due to many factors: the technology improvements of wind turbines; the increase of their size (i.e., 2-3 MW for commercial turbines and up to 8 MW for advanced prototypes); and the huge cost reduction of components for wind power plants. The 3-bladed horizontal-axis wind turbines with upwind rotor and pitch control are the most diffused, reliable and performant technology, being developed since the 1980’s [5]. Most important manufacturers of wind turbines are multinational industrial groups such as Vestas (Denmark), Siemens-Gamesa (Spain), Goldwind (China) and General Electric from (USA) [3]. Nowadays, along with hydroelectric energy and photovoltaic generators, wind turbines are the most important and diffused renewable technology
28-07-2022
- eolico
- energia eolica
- capacità eolica installata
- elettricità da fonte eolica
- aerogeneratori
- regime anemologico
- aerogeneratori tripala
- aerogeneratori ad asse orizzontale
- rotore sopravvento
- rotore con controllo del passo
- grandi aerogeneratori
- eolico
- eolico onshore
- eolico offshore
- mini-eolico
- costo impianti eolici
- prestazioni impianti eolici
- producibilità specifica
- proiezioni di costo
- wind power
- horizontal axis wind turbines
- installed wind capacity
- wind farm
- anemological regime
- triple wind turbines
- wind turbine
- rotor controlled wind turbines
- large wind turbines
- onshore wind
- offshore wind
- mini wind turbines
- cost of wind farms
- wind farm performance
- specific producibility
- wind farm cost projections